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 <description>新近添加的视频</description>
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<item>
 <title>费曼：数学与物理的关系</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1317</link>
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&lt;p&gt;费曼早期一个讲座视频，那时他还在 Cornell，还没得诺贝尔奖。&lt;/p&gt;
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 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1317#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/lecture">开放教育</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1334">数学</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1335">物理</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1333">费曼</category>
 <pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 2008 11:56:01 -0800</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1317 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>舞出你的博士论文</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1304</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;
Monika Schleier-Smith, &lt;span&gt;&amp;quot;Generating Entanglement in a Cold Atomic Ensemble via Atom-Light Interaction in an Optical Resonator,&amp;quot; MIT, 2010 (expected)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
《科学》杂志记者 &lt;b&gt;John Bohannon &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5865/905b#dance&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;组织&lt;/a&gt;的一个比赛：&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gonzolabs.org/dance/&quot;&gt;Dance Your PhD&lt;/a&gt;，舞出你的博士论题。他认为，人体是传播科学的绝佳媒介，虽然不如同行评议的论文那样数据充实，但远为有趣。
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://gonzolabs.org/dance/contestants/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;今年的奖项已经评出来了&lt;/a&gt;，参看《科学》杂志的&lt;a href=&quot;http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/1120/2?rss=1&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;评论&lt;/a&gt;。参选的舞蹈多为生化医学方面的，上面那个关于量子光学的是我唯一能理解的。：）
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;研究生奖：&lt;br /&gt;
Name: Sue Lynn Lau&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Title: &amp;quot;The role of vitamin D in beta cell function&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Institution: Garvan Institute of Medical Research / University of Sydney, Australia&lt;br /&gt;
Date: 2010 (expected completion)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;博士后奖：&lt;br /&gt;
Name: Miriam Sach&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Title: &amp;quot;Cerebral activation patterns induced by inflection of regular and irregular verbs with positron emission tomography. A comparison between single subject and group analysis&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Institution: University of Duesseldorf, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
Date: 2004&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;教授奖：&lt;br /&gt;
Name: Vince LiCata&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Title: &amp;quot;Resolving Pathways of Functional Coupling in Human Hemoglobin Using Quantitative Low Temperature Isoelectric Focusing of Asymmetric Mutant Hybrids&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Institution: Johns Hopkins University&lt;br /&gt;
Date: 1990&lt;br /&gt;
Current affiliation: Lewis S. Flowers Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;公众奖：&lt;br /&gt;
Name: Markita Landry&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Title: &amp;quot;Single Molecule Measurements of Protelomerase TelK-DNA Complexes&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
PhD Institution: University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign&lt;br /&gt;
Date: 2011 (expected completion)&lt;br /&gt;
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 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1304#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/misc">其它</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1322">博士论文</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1321">舞蹈</category>
 <pubDate>Sun, 23 Nov 2008 14:20:02 -0800</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1304 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>爱因斯坦与爱丁顿</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1298</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;BBC 拍的一部新电影《爱因斯坦与爱丁顿》，上面是预告片。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%81%E9%A1%BF&quot;&gt;爱丁顿&lt;/a&gt;是&lt;a href=&quot;http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn&quot;&gt;爱因斯坦&lt;/a&gt;相对论的推广者。1919 年，他通过观测日全食时太阳附近星体的位置，证实了相对论。故事发生在德英两国互为敌视的历史背景中。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;爱因斯坦的饰演者是安迪·塞基斯，曾经饰演过《魔戒》里的&lt;a href=&quot;http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%95%E5%9A%95&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn&quot;&gt;咕噜&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
明日 BBC2 会播放。我呢，将来如果能有机会看到就满足了。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;链接：&lt;br /&gt;
imdb：&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0995036/&quot;&gt;Einstein and Eddington&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
New Scientist：&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16101-film-review-ieinstein-and-eddingtoni.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&amp;amp;nsref=online-news&quot;&gt;Film review: Einstein and Eddington&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;更新：&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;有人把它上传到了 youtube，想看赶紧的。&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/video&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;科技视频&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1298#comments</comments>
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/video">科技视频</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/film">科学影片</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1314">爱丁顿</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1020">爱因斯坦</category>
 <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 12:48:27 -0800</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1298 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>密歇根大学2008年暑期学校</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1291</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;今年6月在密歇根大学举办了2008年量子暑期学校，这是1928-1942年代成功的密歇根暑期学校以来的又一次暑期学校（那时的授课者包括Bohr, Heisenberg, Dirac, Pauli, Fermi, and etc.），有很多量子信息和量子光学方面的牛人来做报告和上课，包括Cornell, Divincenzo, Zurek, Lu Sham, Lukin，Das Sarma, Ye Jun, 等等。课程录像在这个页面，可以下载&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://quantumsummerschool08.physics.lsa.umich.edu/&quot;&gt;http://quantumsummerschool08.physics.lsa.umich.edu/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;btw: 我和组内的另外几个同学负责摄像和转为视频文件，由于是首次做这个活，希望大家不要对录像效果太苛刻。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/qinfo&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;量子信息与量子计算&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1291#comments</comments>
 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/qinfo">量子信息与量子计算</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/lecture">开放教育</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1303">quantum physics</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1302">summmer school</category>
 <pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2008 19:50:50 -0800</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>zqyin</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1291 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>The DiVincenzo Code</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1264</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;Three heroes. One constant. Your destiny...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;欧盟的量子信息项目 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/qaplive/Default.asp&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;Q|A|P&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 居然拍了个关于量子物理 (Alice 和 Bob) 的科学电影：The DiVincenzo Code。题目自然是仿造《达芬奇密码》，但 &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.utk.edu/~pasi/divincenzo.html&quot;&gt;DiVincenzo &lt;/a&gt;也是量子信息领域里面一个牛人的名字。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;急着贴上来，还没时间看。Youtube 上有高清版本。&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;Part 1 of a comedy action thriller set among the dreaming spires of Oxford University. Professor Kleinpickel - top quantum physicist at Oxford stumbles through the streets late at night, intent on delivering a crucial coded message to Bob the barman at Hbar, a local drinking hole. The Professor disappearing before Bob can question him, Bob is left alone with a quantum physics paper to ponder. As Bob trawls the libraries of Oxford for information, we encounter Alice - the brilliant quantum physicist at the centre of this tale as she struggles to overcome the problems with her experiment. Why isn&#039;t it working? Could the fundamental constant hbar be changing?!&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;Tension builds as Alice and Tony debate the problems with their work - could hbar really be changing?! In husky tones, Prof. Kleinpickel&#039;s annoyance becomes clear after pressure is heaped on by his financiers - driving him to drink... Meanwhile, the sinister Dr. Eve uncovers a mysterious crystal hidden deep in Oxford&#039;s libraries. And Tony wears the best exercise tracksuit. Ever.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;The sinister Dr. Eve visits the lab disguised as a reporter before going on a crazed killing spree. Professor Kleinpickel discovers Bob&#039;s quantum talents - can he pass on the message before its too late?! A distraught Alice is forced to pick up the pieces, turning to Bob and Tony for answers.....&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;In crystal clear surround sound, Tony digs out a viral documentary. Could this explain Bob&#039;s thing? With the careful application of montage techniques, Bob actualizes his latent potentiality. Our team is about ready to take Dr. Eve all the way downtown.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;Alice and her click find Dr. Eve&#039;s Eve cave. They think it&#039;s all over. It isn&#039;t yet. The penultimate episode is a pacy, unforgiving roller coaster of action, suspense, and filler shots.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;The thumbcrunching finale! Forget everything you thought you knew about Quantum Physics. This is the real meal deal. Dr. Eve reveals his dark jealousy, and pushes the button. In a spectacular denouement, our heroes face his twisted wrath.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1264#comments</comments>
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/qinfo">量子信息与量子计算</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/film">科学影片</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1267">量子信息</category>
 <pubDate>Thu, 06 Nov 2008 13:25:44 -0800</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1264 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>UIUC 2008 中秋晚会电影配音</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1259</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;1：师兄介绍经验篇 &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;2: 老板的第一次组会&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;3: 一个Ph.D的心声 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;（UIUC – University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign，伊利诺大学香槟分校）&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1259#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/misc">其它</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1261">恶搞</category>
 <pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 14:27:30 -0800</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1259 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>激光装配延时摄影</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1253</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;Assembly of the OMEGA EP at the Univ. of Rochester&#039;s Laboratory for Laser Energetics. The laser is capable of producing pulses of light in excess of 1 Petawatt (10^15 watts) for laser fusion research.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/laser&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;激光&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1253#comments</comments>
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/laser">激光</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/962">激光</category>
 <pubDate>Mon, 27 Oct 2008 09:48:09 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1253 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>2008 搞笑诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1028</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://improbable.com/ig/2008/webcast/stream.html&quot;&gt;链接&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/video&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;科技视频&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1028#comments</comments>
 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/video">科技视频</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/popsci">流行科技</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1217">搞笑诺贝尔奖</category>
 <pubDate>Thu, 16 Oct 2008 13:56:00 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1028 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>深海里的鱼</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1189</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;一种深海鱼类，生活在太平洋 5 英里深的地方，非常社会化。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;via:《&lt;a href=&quot;http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/deep-sea/dn14889-worlds-deepest-living-fish-caught-on-film.html&quot;&gt;新科学家&lt;/a&gt;》&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1189#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1187">鱼</category>
 <pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 13:39:18 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1189 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>维度：数学漫步</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1143</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;一部创作共用版权的数学科普电影。介绍见&lt;a href=&quot;http://gezhi.org/blog/yan/1080&quot;&gt;这里&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;embed src=&quot;http://blip.tv/play/Ab_rUI22SQ&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;510&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1143#comments</comments>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1154">维度</category>
 <pubDate>Mon, 25 Aug 2008 03:09:00 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1143 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>人类的存亡取决于知识的创造</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1138</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;简介&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;量子物理学家David  Deutsch在2005年TED  大会上发表了一篇演说，主要阐释了一个重要的观点，即人类有能力不断的创造知识是我们赖以生存的根基。要在21世纪求得生存，起决定作用的不是资源，而是知识。David  还提到世人关心的全球变暖的问题，并指出我们不该一味的回避问题，而应当积极的寻求解决问题的办法。&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;转贴自&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yeeyan.com/articles/view/inspired5/12475&quot;&gt;译言&lt;/a&gt;，译者：&lt;a href=&quot;http://inspired5.blogbus.com/&quot;&gt;Tony&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;获邀来到此地，主持人要我说几句令人惊讶的话，那我就尽力而为吧。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;我想以两样人所皆知的事实开始我的演讲。其一我们这个星球／太阳系／银河系，是正好适合维持我们这一物种生存的，从远古的进化一直到今天，还有现在和更为重要的将来——这样的认知在人类有记录的历史上都有记载。如今我们对此有了一个别名：太空船行星(spaceship earth)，在这个太空船行星里头是我们赖以生存的一切，而其外的一切都是可怖的。要是我们做出任何蠢事，我们就无路可逃了，就死定了。另一点人所皆知的事实就是，人类从来都不是存在的一切。正如史蒂芬·霍金曾说过，我们人类仅仅是一种存活于一堆典型的星球表面的化学泡沫，这一星球恰恰又围绕着一个典型的恒星在转，而这一恒星又恰恰处在一个典型的星系之边缘。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;前面所言的两个事实中，前者似乎是说我们处在一个非常不典型的星球，而后者则认为我们是活在一个非常典型的世界里。虽说你一生都受到这两种观念的影响的，并会因之而作出某些人生抉择，甚至两者还有相互龃龉之处，却不能因而保证两者都是完全错误的，事实上它们确实是错的。我们不妨先分析第二种观点，所谓的典型性。我们从这里放眼望去，好，我们看到有一堵墙，还有化学泡沫，可这并非宇宙的典型特征。假如你跑到更远的几千里以外的外太空，你根本就看不到墙或哪怕是一丁点的化学泡沫，你只看得到蓝蓝的地球。要是再走远一点，你将看到太阳、太阳系、还有其他星球。可是那还不是一个典型的宇宙。因为星球都是星系的一部分，而典型的宇宙当中是看不到银河系的。那好，让我们再跑到银河系以外，去到离我们10万光年的地方，可惜那里依然不算典型的宇宙。要见到典型的宇宙，我们还得跑到比那远1000倍的宇宙深处，去到叫“星系际空间” (intergalactic space) 的地方，在那里你才能见到典型的宇宙。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;好了，那典型的宇宙是什么样子的？既然TED 花了那么多钱把大家请到这里，我就让大家体验一下。请工作人员关一下灯。……（会场灯光熄灭，全场一片黑暗）哦，效果一般。好，大家要知道，假如你身处“星系际空间”，你只会看到黑暗，伸手不见五指。打个比方，假如你的眼睛望着一颗离你最近的星体，并且那颗正在爆炸的超新星，当该星球的光线抵达你那里时，你依然看不到任何东西——要知道超新星爆炸会发出极大的光和热，你要是位于其周边几百光年的范围内，你会旋即毙命。这就很好的说明一个典型的宇宙是多么大、多么黑暗。（译者按：有人因此将“星系际空间比作黑洞）&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“星系际空间”还非常冷，其温度只比绝对零度大三度。并且那里是空洞洞的样子，比我们现今科技所能制造的最真空的状态还要100万倍的空。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;所以说，典型的宇宙空间与我们的日常想象迥然不同。从另一个方面讲也表明我们这个星球是多么的不典型。好，请开灯。（灯亮）&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;既然那个地方离我们如此远，跟我们的日常体验差异如此大，我们怎能认识它呢？我们生存在这个星球上，我们会生产知识。这意味着什么？我们通过天空望远镜，观察宇宙的深处，可以看到一些类地球的物体，科学家管那叫类星体，因为它们并非真的星体。它们是数百万年前的，离我们数百万光年的地方，星系中所有的能量都坍缩成一个质量巨大的黑洞，与此同时，巨大的磁场把引力坍缩造成的一些能量和物质带到黑洞外头，形成环状的星云，其光亮要比数百万个，甚至是数十亿个太阳还要大。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;人类大脑的物理运动跟这一能量运动极为相似，我们舍此一刻也无法生存，而人类的语言要用来描述这样的事情，马上显示出语言的无能。就像身处超新星爆炸的中心，呆个数百万年。（笑声）可是恰恰就在数百万年后，在宇宙另一端里的一堆“化学泡沫”却能够以他们的语言来准确的描述、构建、预测、解释这一亿万里以外的现象，所以说，人类可以在自身大脑里构建起一个关于类星体的模型——不仅仅是一副简单的图像，还有一个能够解释其存在的理论模型，体现了相同的数学联系与相同的逻辑结构。这就是我们通常说的知识。随着时间的流逝，这样的理论模式会随着时间的演进而变得与实际愈发接近。此即知识的增长。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;所以说，物理规律拥有同样的特性。不同的物理实体尽管相互间差异甚大，却有可能体现出相同的数学与逻辑结构，时间的流逝只会增进这样的相似。所以我们是一堆不一样的“化学泡沫”，此一“化学泡沫”具备包容万物的特性，其结构使它足以理解宇宙万物的构造，并且这样的理解会变得越来越准确。这个星球——而非其他任何一个寰宇内的星体——是一个中心（hub），它包含了对自身以外的广袤的宇宙中的一切的结构性与逻辑性的解说。所以，我们远非一微不足道的“化学泡沫”，事实上，物理规律容许这样的事情发生，甚至是敕令这样的事情发生——这是物理世界最为重要的一个特征之一。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;那么我们的太阳系——以及我们这个星球和生活于其中的我们——是如何与浩瀚的宇宙进行联系的？这就是霍金教授言论的确凿之处，我是说，他意思是对的，可是他的着重点错了。其正确之处在于，此间无需任何特殊的物理，没有任何的神谕或者奇迹。这样的联系靠的是三种普遍存在的东西：其一为物质(matter)，因为知识的增长是一种信息的处理，信息处理涉及运算，而运算则需要计算机——而我们目前还未能脱离物质造出一台计算机。同样我们还需要能量(energy)来运行这台计算机，更重要的是要依靠能量来支持那些记录人类新知的媒介。最后，要使得知识的创造永世不绝，还需证据（evidence)。我们身边充满了各种的证据。比方说，我们很容易就可以证明牛顿三百年前提出的引力法则。这样的证据存在于地球上的每一寸角落，从远古一直到今天一直到数十亿年以后都是如此。而帮助我们寻找其他任何科学的最底层的真理的证据也就在我们的星球之上。我们这个星球充满了证据、物质与能量。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;至于在“星系际空间“之上，由于那里空荡荡一片，又冷又黑暗，是不是就最不可能存在这三样我们赖以创造知识的元素呢？这仅仅是一孔之见罢了。设想一下，在“星系际空间”的中央有一个球体，跟我们的太阳系同样大小。在寻常人的眼里，那只是一片真空，可事实上那里依然会包含逾一百万吨的物质，这一百万吨的物质就足以制造出一个“太空站”，上面住着一班致力于开创新知的科学家。虽然我们现今的科技还未能从“星系际空间”那里收集氢元素，并制造出生命所需的其他一切。可问题的实质是，在一个可认知的宇宙里，假如物理的法则允许某种东西的存在，那是什么阻止我们进一步去认识这样的事物？说白了，就是知识，而非资源。而假如我们的知识能够更好的理解其内在的规律，我们自然就能找到我们所需的能源，因为核聚变可以为此提供充足的能量。至于证据呢？虽然人的肉眼只看到一团漆黑，但只要借助太空望远镜——一台当今的太空望远镜已经足够——你就可以在黑暗的“星系际空间”的深处看到无数璀璨的星体。而要是那台太空望远镜能做得更加精良的话，你还能看到星系里头的恒星和行星——你可以在那研究宇宙物理，探究物理真相，建造粒子加速器，研究粒子物理，以及化学和其他科学。不过最困难的恐怕是生物学的实地调查，因为要去到最近的一个有生命的星球就得花上数百万年。但我个人从未对生物学感兴趣，所以，每隔几百万年做一次生物学实地调查对我来说就足够了——嘿，理查德(Richard Dawkins)，你可不要太伤心了！（笑声）&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;事实上，星系际空间包含了一切赖以创造知识的必备元素。而宇宙中任何一个此类的球体都可以成为一个类似地球这样的存在，假如那里有这样的知识的话。所以我们并不是宇宙里唯一一个能可供繁衍生息的地方。假如星系际空间可以创造出无限的知识的话，那么我们可以断言任何的一个空间都可以这么做。地球可以这么做。一个被污染的地球同样可以这么做。而阻止我们前进的因素，不管是在地球还是在遥远的宇宙深处，不是资源——资源是不会缺乏的，而是知识，后者才是真正匮乏的。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;好了，有了这样的宇宙解释，我们也许——并且应该——会让我们感到自身的特别。可是这同样使我们产生一种不安全感。因为假如我们没能创造出延续我们的生存的知识的话，几光年以外的一次超新星爆炸就足以使我们走向毁灭。马丁·里兹(Martin Rees) 最近写了一本书，谈人类的无能——在宇宙物理、科学实验被用作罪恶用途，以及恐怖分子以大规模杀伤性武器向我们发起进攻等诸多方面皆是如此，因而他断言人类只有50%的几率可以活过21世纪。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;可是我不认为我们该从几率上来思考我们的现状，尽管我同意他的看法。我们有可能活下去，也有可能无法继续活下去。可这不是取决于几率，而取决于我们是否能够创造出支撑我们继续活下去的知识。地球漫长的历史见证了物种的灭绝、人类文明的解体，曾经一度存活于这个地球的物种和文明现皆已成为“明日黄花”。而要是我们想超越这一命运的话，那么我们就应当充分利用我们区别于别的物种和文明的一种特性，即我们有探究物理规律的能力，去建立新的解说，新的知识。让地球成为我们生存的摇篮（hub）。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;在此，我想就最近的一个科学争端发表一下个人的看法——我不是要提出任何具体的解决方案，而只是阐述一下我的想法。这一争端就是全球变暖。我是一位物理学家，但并非专门研究此一课题，因此，关于全球变暖的研究，我仅仅是一个门外汉。而一个门外汉能做的就是严肃的对待当前占主流的科学论调。而这一论调说，我们现在已经不能避免灾难的发生了。因此我们所能采取的最佳策略是通过《京都议定书》那样的东西阻止二氧化碳的排放，而这样的措施会对经济产生极大的制约，并要花费我们数以亿计的金钱——这么说来，全球变暖已经是一场空前的灾难。而我们当前提倡的做法去不是如何去解决这一问题，而是如何使之发生得稍晚。所以说现在要避免这样的灾难已经迟了，甚至有可能在有人意识到这样的危害之前已经不可能避免了——在20世纪70年代，当时的主流科学论调是工业废气将引发新的冰河时期的到来，即使是那时也已经无法避免这种灾难的发生了。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;这一事件给我的启示就是我们人类不肯能永远都能预见未来——我很惊讶为何社会上没有讨论这样的问题。假如我们能预见某种即将发生的灾难，并懂得如何以一种比灾难本身更廉价的方式来解决，那么就不会有什么争论了。但是我们不能对那些不能预见的难题采取防范措施，也不存在这样的防范原则。因此，我们需要一种解决问题的心态，而非回避问题的心态。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;虽说防患于未然远比得病后疗救来得重要，但那要建立于我们知道该防范什么这一前提之上。比方说，人家揍了你一顿，医学可不能告诉你怎么去预防被揍。而假如医学真的只集中精力做防范被揍的研究而不再研究如何施以治疗的话，医学将不会有什么重要的进展。如今各地都在不惜代价的降低碳排放，而事实上我们该看到的是如何降低地球的温度，以及研究如何在更高的温度之下求得生存。并且是要寻找高效低廉的方法。科学界也有这样的研究，如在太空中放置大量的反光镜把太阳光线折射到其他地方去，又或者研究如何让海洋生物吸收更多的二氧化碳。可是现在此类的研究只是处于边缘，人类也没有集中精力去做这样的研究。至于那些我们尚未知晓的问题，如何集中精力做该做的事情——而非一味的回避——则是我们得以解决问题的唯一希望，也是我们能够继续生存下去的唯一希望。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;我们要找两块石板，在其中一块上面刻“可解决的问题”，另一块上面刻“无可回避的问题”。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;谢谢大家。&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1138#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/popsci">流行科技</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/954">David Deutsch</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1149">知识</category>
 <pubDate>Sun, 17 Aug 2008 02:47:10 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1138 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>激光干涉空间天线（LISA）介绍视频</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1131</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;激光干涉空间天线（&lt;a href=&quot;http://lisa.nasa.gov/&quot;&gt;LISA&lt;/a&gt;）是空间版本的&lt;a href=&quot;http://gezhi.org/video/1130&quot;&gt;激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）&lt;/a&gt;，因为都用激光，所以我对他们都挺感兴趣的。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;［以下文字介绍引自 &lt;a href=&quot;http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%BF&quot;&gt;WikiPedia&lt;/a&gt;］&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;激光干涉空间天线（Laser Interferometer Space Antenna，LISA）是一个由美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲航天局（ESA）合作的引力波探测计划，目前仍在设计阶段，计划于2015年投入运行，这将是人类第一座太空中的引力波天文台。LISA也是美国国家航空航天局的“超越爱因斯坦”（Beyond Eistein）项目的一部分。“超越爱因斯坦”是一组实验上验证爱因斯坦广义相对论理论的计划，其中包含两个空间天文台（HTXS——X射线天文台和LISA）和数个以宇宙学相关观测为目的的探测器。LISA将利用激光干涉的方法精确测量信号相位，从而对于来自宇宙间遥远的引力波源的低频且微弱的引力波进行探测。这将对引力波天文学的理论和实验研究，广义相对论的一些实验观测以及早期宇宙的天体物理学和宇宙学研究有重要意义。&lt;br /&gt;
⋯⋯&lt;br /&gt;
LISA由三个相同的航天器构成为一个边长为五百万千米的等边三角形，即每两个航天器之间的夹角为60°。LISA将采用的是与地球相同的日心轨道，并且LISA与太阳的连线，和地球与太阳的连线之间的夹角为20°，这种设计是为了尽可能减少地球引力造成的影响。在每一个航天器上都有两个完全相同的光学台，包含有激光光源、光学分束器、光检测器、光学镜组等组成干涉仪的光学器件，以及一系列进行数字信号处理的电子器件。由于每两个航天器之间的夹角为60°，每个航天器上的每一个光学台都会和相邻的航天器上的光学台发生干涉，激光走完这段航天器间隔的距离需要约16秒。在每个干涉仪的后面安置有一个作为“测试质量”的合金立方体（75%金和25%铂），其中一个表面被打磨成光滑的平面镜用来反射激光。理论上如果有引力波扫过测试质量，其位置的微小改变会引起干涉信号，即激光相位的改变，从这种相位变化即可推导出观测到的引力波的存在。在实际设计中，这种测量精度要求测试质量所处的环境高度稳定，其位置能够不受到外界光压和太阳风粒子的影响；并且LISA的干涉测量系统也要高度灵敏，使得真正需要的引力波信号不至于淹没在激光频率噪声等干扰的海洋中。除此之外，LISA还需要解决如何应对航天器运行对激光频率造成的多普勒效应的影响，激光长距离传输的损耗问题，等等。LISA在实际运行中将达到能够在五百万千米的长度上探测到10皮米（1皮米等于&lt;img class=&quot;teximage&quot; src=&quot;/files/tex/b8fe458b79a55dc9083aa0bf3777d5f6608dd497.png&quot; alt=&quot;$ 10^{-15} $&quot; /&gt;米）量级的长度变化。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/laser&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;激光&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1131#comments</comments>
 <media:content url="http://youtube.com/v/DrWwWcA_Hgw" fileSize="882" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"> <media:thumbnail url="http://img.youtube.com/vi/DrWwWcA_Hgw/0.jpg" />
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/laser">激光</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1133">LISA</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1134">激光干涉空间天线</category>
 <pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2008 14:02:25 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1131 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>激光干涉引力波天文台介绍视频（LIGO）</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1130</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;［文字介绍引自 &lt;a href=&quot;http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0&amp;amp;variant=zh-hans&quot;&gt;WikiPedia&lt;/a&gt;］&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;激光干涉引力波天文台（Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory，缩写为&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/&quot;&gt;LIGO&lt;/a&gt;）是美国分别在路易斯安那州的列文斯顿和华盛顿州的汉福德建造的两个引力波探测器。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;探测器采用迈克尔逊干涉仪和法布里-珀罗干涉仪的原理，主要部分是两个互相垂直的长臂，每个臂长4000米，臂的末端悬挂着反射镜。管道采用不锈钢制成，直径1.2米，内部真空度为&lt;img class=&quot;teximage&quot; src=&quot;/files/tex/3a2350fcf7a5677cb65244a0643dc75ce6cd1107.png&quot; alt=&quot;$ 10^{-12} $&quot; /&gt;大气压。大功率的激光束在臂中来回反射大约50次，使等效臂长大大增加，形成干涉条纹。引力波会造成光程差发生变化，导致干涉条纹发生移动。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;引力波是爱因斯坦的广义相对论预言的一种时空波动，激光干涉引力波天文台设计目标是检测密近双星、超新星爆发、致密星的合并、宇宙弦等天体物理过程中产生的引力波。20世纪60年代美国科学家约瑟夫·韦伯建造了铝制的棒状引力波探测器，试图用谐振原理探测引力波，后来世界各国又陆续建造了一些棒状探测器，但是效果并不理想。1970年代，加州理工学院的莱纳·魏斯等人意识到用激光干涉方法探测引力波的可能性，但是引力波的探测要求仪器的灵敏度达到能够检测长度到为&lt;img class=&quot;teximage&quot; src=&quot;/files/tex/142d49064c861b5eeed1f0c99f9c627bb879af81.png&quot; alt=&quot;$ 10^{-21} $&quot; /&gt;量级的变化，也就是1000米的长度上变化&lt;img class=&quot;teximage&quot; src=&quot;/files/tex/9918af1bfa927de31bd65e8f39865998dda0f5e7.png&quot; alt=&quot;$ 10^{-18} $&quot; /&gt;米，相当于质子尺度的千分之一，对技术的要求极其苛刻。20世纪90年代，如此高灵敏度所需的技术条件逐渐成熟。1991年，麻省理工学院与加州理工学院在美国国家科学基金会的资助下，开始联合建设激光干涉引力波天文台。为了降低地震对系统带来的干扰，光学装置安装在结构复杂的防振台上，为降低空气分子热运动的影响，光路中抽成&lt;img class=&quot;teximage&quot; src=&quot;/files/tex/3a2350fcf7a5677cb65244a0643dc75ce6cd1107.png&quot; alt=&quot;$ 10^{-12} $&quot; /&gt;大气压的真空。此外还要在路易斯安那州和华盛顿州建造两个相同的探测器，彼此相距3000公里。只有两个探测器同时检测到的信息才有可能是引力波的信号。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;激光干涉引力波天文台于1999年11月建成，耗资3.65亿美元。2005年，激光干涉引力波天文台开始进行改造，包括采用更高功率的激光器、进一步减少振动等。改造之后的探测器灵敏度将提高1个数量级，称为先进激光干涉引力波天文台（Advanced LIGO）。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/laser&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;激光&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1130#comments</comments>
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/laser">激光</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1135">LIGO</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1132">引力波</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1131">激光干涉引力波天文台</category>
 <pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2008 13:53:37 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1130 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
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<item>
 <title>5000 万公里外看地月</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1117</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;NASA 的深度撞击宇宙飞船从 5000 万公里之外拍摄了“月球横越地球”的视频，人类从这么远之外看自己还是第一次。这有助于科学家对外星世界的探索，因为适宜外星人居住的地外行星很可能与地球相似。从视频里可以看到地球上海洋区域的太阳闪耀，这个事实提醒科学家，如果在外星球上看到同样的闪耀，就说明可能存在海洋，有生物存在的几率会大很多。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;下面的视频中，他们用红外线代替红光，这样子，陆地就明显了。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;object width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/vXd-VIf0zwQ&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;Link: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/epoxi_transit.html&quot;&gt;NASA&#039;s Deep Impact Films Earth as an Alien World&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
via: &lt;a href=&quot;http://science.solidot.org/science/08/07/19/0837214.shtml&quot;&gt;Solidot&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/astro&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;天文爱好者&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1117#comments</comments>
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/astro">天文爱好者</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1115">地月</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1114">深度撞击</category>
 <pubDate>Sat, 19 Jul 2008 12:56:48 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1117 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>为什么梨比苹果腐烂得快</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1115</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;为什么有些水果比另一些水果腐烂得慢？比利时一组“水果学家”告诉我们，&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/dn14319-fruit-lungs-explain-why-pears-rot-faster.html&quot;&gt;答案是深呼吸&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Catholic University in Lueven 的 Pieter Verboven 和同事们在比利时种植一些苹果和梨，然后运到位于法国的欧洲同步辐射设施，用高能 X 射线对这些水果进行了扫描，得到精度打 7 微米的水果三维图。他们发现苹果和梨的细胞之间有很多空隙。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;科学家们早就认为这些空隙一定存在，存放与水果内部的细胞交换的氧气和二氧化碳。但这是第一次真正看到这些微观通道。这些结构可能能解释，为什么在同样的储藏条件下，梨比苹果容易腐烂。虽然梨内部的通道有更多的连接，但苹果的空间更大，气体流通更容易些。苹果有更强的“肺”。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;新闻：&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/dn14319-fruit-lungs-explain-why-pears-rot-faster.html&quot;&gt;Fruit &#039;lungs&#039; explain why pears rot faster&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
文献: Plant Physiology (DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.118935)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1115#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/news">新闻视频</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1113">X 射线</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1112">腐烂</category>
 <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2008 14:39:23 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1115 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>无人驾驶的旋翼飞行器</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1108</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;这个小飞行器厉害，可在室内室外灵活飞行，还不怕打击。这要能普及起来，将是多有意思的玩具啊。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;来自&lt;a href=&quot;http://hybrid.stanford.edu/starmac/overview&quot;&gt;斯坦福&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1108#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/popsci">流行科技</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1103">飞行器</category>
 <pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 13:38:58 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1108 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>跳跃的洗发香波</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1072</link>
 <description>&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;Scientists of the University of Twente in The Netherlands won a prestigious place in the &#039;Hall of Fame&#039; of videos about fluid-in-motion. They have made a video of leaping shampoo, in which they explain the so-called Kaye effect. Scientifically interesting but also of great aesthetic beauty!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;英国工程师 Alan Kaye 于 1963 年发现的一个现象。如果从高处倒下香波之类黏性液体，下方的表面会突然间喷出一束液体。后来人们发现，这种现象对于 &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_thinning&quot;&gt;shear-thinning&lt;/a&gt; （剪切稀释，谢谢 &lt;a href=&quot;http://gezhi.org/users/sandycx&quot;&gt;sandycx&lt;/a&gt;）的液体很平常。Shear thinning 指的是某些液体在剪切速率增大的情况下，黏性会变小。像番茄酱，洗发香波，血液之类都属于这类液体。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;这种现象肉眼不大容易看到，因为很少持续超过 300 毫秒。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;链接：&lt;br /&gt;
Wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaye_effect&quot;&gt;Kaye effect&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0603183&quot;&gt;Leaping shampoo and the stable Kaye effect&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1072#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1061">Kaye 效应</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1060">洗发香波</category>
 <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2008 12:37:31 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1072 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>2009 世界天文年的中文预告片</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1066</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.astronomy2009.org/&quot;&gt;2009 世界天文年&lt;/a&gt;的中文预告片，繁体版本的。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cosmicdiary.org/videos/hd1080p_screen/iya_trailer_hong_kong.mp4&quot;&gt;大屏幕版本&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/astro&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;天文爱好者&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1066#comments</comments>
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/astro">天文爱好者</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1052">天文年</category>
 <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2008 02:04:03 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1066 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>可乐 + 薄荷糖 =&gt; 喷泉</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1058</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;往可乐里面加薄荷糖，可以制造出喷泉效果。这样一个很容易 DIY 的科学小实验近几年非常流行，全靠 Youtube 这个平台。在 Youtube 上搜索 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Mentos%2C+Diet+Coke&amp;amp;search_type=&amp;amp;aq=f&quot;&gt;Mentos, Diet Coke&lt;/a&gt;，你可以得到 7000 多个结果。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mentos 是一个薄荷糖品牌，中文为“万乐珠”或者“曼陀珠”。Diet Coke 就是低糖可乐，国内似乎翻译为“健怡可乐”。据说用健怡可乐，喷泉效果最强大。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;可乐薄荷糖喷泉的物理或者化学原理是什么，网络上已经有很多持续讨论。不久前，美国物理学报（ American Journal of Physics）上出现一篇论文：&lt;a href=&quot;http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;amp;id=AJPIAS000076000006000551000001&amp;amp;idtype=cvips&amp;amp;gifs=yes&quot;&gt;Diet Coke and Mentos: What is really behind this physical reaction?&lt;/a&gt;，对此做了系统的实验研究。American Journal of Physics 是一份物理教育方面的杂志，这篇文章的出发点也是把这个流行实验引入物理与化学课堂。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;看不到全文，但&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/dn14114-science-of-mentosdiet-coke-explosions-explained.html&quot;&gt;《新科学家》&lt;/a&gt;有篇介绍文章可看。根据这篇文章，喷泉主要是个物理效应，喷泉的强度主要取决于糖的粗糙程度，以及它的沉底速度。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;可乐里面含有高压下融入的二氧化碳 ，开盖后，气压变低，二氧化碳会形成气泡释放出来。虽然处于过饱和状态，但一般情况话二氧化碳形成气泡的过程还是很和缓的。如果这时放入粗糙的糖，也就等于加入许多气化核，大量气泡迅速生成变大，就像爆炸一样，可乐就像喷泉一样被喷射出去了。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;同样的过程也应用于人工降雨，不过这时不是气泡而是水滴。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;object width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/hKoB0MHVBvM&amp;amp;hl=en&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/hKoB0MHVBvM&amp;amp;hl=en&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1058#comments</comments>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/popsci">流行科技</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1037">可乐</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1038">薄荷糖</category>
 <pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 05:21:59 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1058 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
</item>
<item>
 <title>最早的科学电影</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1047</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;《新科学家》上一篇文章：&lt;a href=&quot;http://technology.newscientist.com/channel/tech/mg19826581.900&quot;&gt;Histories: Microscopic stars of the silver screen&lt;/a&gt;，介绍最早的科学电影，很有资料价值。文中提到的电影：&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wildfilmhistory.org/film/31/The+Strength+and+Agility+of+Insects.html&quot;&gt;The Strength and Agility of Insects (1911) &lt;/a&gt; 和  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wildfilmhistory.org/film/21/clip/796/Blooming+flowers.html&quot;&gt;The Birth of a Flower (1910) &lt;/a&gt;，点击链接可以看到。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;顺便推荐一下 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wildfilmhistory.org&quot;&gt;WildFilmHistory&lt;/a&gt;，这个关于野生动植物电影的历史的网站。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;og_rss_groups&quot;&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;links&quot;&gt;&lt;li  class=&quot;first last og_links&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/group/video&quot; class=&quot;og_links&quot;&gt;科技视频&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <comments>http://gezhi.org/video/1047#comments</comments>
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 <group domain="http://gezhi.org/group/video">科技视频</group>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1028">科学视频</category>
 <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2008 14:26:24 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1047 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
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 <title>BBC 纪录片：平行宇宙</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1044</link>
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/paralleluni.shtml&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
BBC: Parallel Universes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;9.00pm Thursday 14 February 2002&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Everything you&#039;re about to read here seems impossible and insane, beyond science fiction. Yet it&#039;s all true.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Scientists now believe there may really be a parallel universe - in fact, there may be an infinite number of parallel universes, and we just happen to live in one of them. These other universes contain space, time and strange forms of exotic matter. Some of them may even contain you, in a slightly different form. Astonishingly, scientists believe that these parallel universes exist less than one millimetre away from us. In fact, our gravity is just a weak signal leaking out of another universe into ours.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For years parallel universes were a staple of the Twilight Zone. Science fiction writers loved to speculate on the possible other universes which might exist. In one, they said, Elvis Presley might still be alive or in another the British Empire might still be going strong. Serious scientists dismissed all this speculation as absurd. But now it seems the speculation wasn&#039;t absurd enough. Parallel universes really do exist and they are much stranger than even the science fiction writers dared to imagine.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greater dimensions&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It all started when superstring theory, hyperspace and dark matter made physicists realise that the three dimensions we thought described the Universe weren&#039;t enough. There are actually 11 dimensions. By the time they had finished they&#039;d come to the conclusion that our Universe is just one bubble among an infinite number of membranous bubbles which ripple as they wobble through the eleventh dimension.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A creative touch&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now imagine what might happen if two such bubble universes touched. Neil Turok from Cambridge, Burt Ovrut from the University of Pennsylvania and Paul Steinhardt from Princeton believe that has happened. The result? A very big bang indeed and a new universe was born - our Universe. The idea has shocked the scientific community; it turns the conventional Big Bang theory on its head. It may well be that the Big Bang wasn&#039;t really the beginning of everything after all. Time and space all existed before it. In fact Big Bangs may happen all the time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Of course this extraordinary story about the origin of our Universe has one alarming implication. If a collision started our Universe, could it happen again? Anything is possible in this extra-dimensional cosmos. Perhaps out there in space there is another universe heading directly towards us - it may only be a matter of time before we collide.&lt;/p&gt;
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/document">资料录像</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1022">BBC</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1025">平行宇宙</category>
 <pubDate>Sun, 08 Jun 2008 13:23:53 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1044 at http://gezhi.org</guid>
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 <title>爱因斯坦未完成的乐章</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1043</link>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/einstein_symphony_prog_summary.shtml&quot;&gt;BBC Horizon - Einstein&#039;s Unfinished Symphony&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As Albert Einstein lay on his deathbed, he asked only for his glasses, his writing implements and his latest equations. He knew he was dying, yet he continued his work. In those final hours of his life, while fading in and out of consciousness, he was working on what he hoped would be his greatest work of all. It was a project of monumental complexity. It was a project that he hoped would unlock the mind of God.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&quot;I want to know God&#039;s thoughts&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;I am not interested in this phenomenon or that phenomenon,&quot; Einstein had said earlier in his life. &quot;I want to know God&#039;s thoughts – the rest are mere details.&quot; But as he lay there dying in Princeton Hospital he must have understood that these were secrets that God was clearly keen to hang on to. The greatest scientist of his age died knowing that he had become isolated from the scientific community; revered on the one hand, ridiculed for this quest on the other.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It was a journey that started 50 years earlier in Berne, Switzerland. Then - in his early 20s - he was a young man struggling to make his mark. His applications to universities throughout Europe had all been rejected. In the end his father had pulled strings to get him a job as a third class clerk evaluating the latest electrical gizmos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But in his spare time he was formulating the most extraordinary scientific ideas. In a single year - 1905, a year that would become known as his miracle year – he published papers that would redefine how we see our world and universe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Time is relative&lt;br /&gt;
He confirmed that all matter was composed of molecules – an idea that at the time was controversial. And most famously of all, he published the paper &#039;On the electrodynamics of moving bodies&#039;. It contained his Theory of Special Relativity and suggested that time - something that had always thought to be unchanging and absolute – was relative. It could speed up or slow down depending on the speed you were travelling. From this paper would come an additional three pages, finished in September of the same year, that would contain the derivation of e=mc², the most famous mathematical equation ever written.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Einstein was on a roll. Ten years after his Theory of Special Relativity, he published his Theory of General Relativity – a piece of work widely acknowledged as his masterpiece. The great 17th century scientist Sir Isaac Newton had described the force of gravity very successfully, but what caused gravity remained a mystery. In this Theory of General Relativity, Einstein suggested that gravity was due to the bending of time and space by massive objects. In 1919 astronomers confirmed this by measuring the bending of starlight around the sun during a solar eclipse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The battle with quantum mechanics&lt;br /&gt;
In 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize, not for his theories of relativity, but for another paper published in 1905. In this paper, Einstein proposed that light was not simply made up of waves, it could also be thought of as discrete, individual particles or quanta. This discovery would revolutionise physics and chemistry, because it would become one of the foundations of a new science: quantum mechanics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But during the 1920s the new science of quantum mechanics began to turn the tide against the way Einstein saw the world. Young pretenders in the field of physics had begun to emerge, such as Heisenberg, Bohr and Schrödinger, who are now some of the most famous figures in science. But at the time they were mavericks. They saw quantum mechanics as a brand new way of interpreting everything.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A core element to their new interpretation of the world was that at a fundamental level, everything was unpredictable. You could, for example, accurately tell the speed of a particle but not – at the same time – its position. Or its position but not its speed. It meant that precise predictions were impossible – the best you could hope for was a science based on probabilities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;God does not play dice&lt;br /&gt;
Einstein&#039;s work was underpinned by the idea that the laws of physics were an expression of the divine. This belief led him to think that everything could be described by simple, elegant mathematics and moreover, that once you knew these laws you could describe the universe with absolute accuracy. Einstein loathed the implications of quantum mechanics. It was a clash of ideologies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The conflict reached a crescendo in the late 1920s at the Solvay Conference in Belgium. There Einstein clashed with the great Danish physicist Niels Bohr over the nature of the universe. Einstein constantly challenged Bohr over the implications of quantum mechanics, but never budged from his belief that &quot;God does not play dice&quot;, meaning that nothing would be left to chance in the universe. To which the quantum mechanics community replied: &quot;Einstein, stop telling God what to do with his dice.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The theory of everything&lt;br /&gt;
But Einstein had a trick up his sleeve. He had already begun a piece of work that he believed would ultimately replace quantum mechanics. It would become later known as his theory of everything – it was his attempt to extend general relativity and unite the known forces in the universe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By completing this theory of everything Einstein hoped he would rid physics of the unpredictability at the heart of quantum mechanics and show that the world was predictable – described by beautiful, elegant mathematics. Just the way he believed God would make the universe. He would show that the way the quantum mechanics community interpreted the world was just plain wrong. It was a project that he would work on for the next 30 years, until the final day of his life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But while Einstein&#039;s theory of everything may be considered to have been a failure, it is an idea that still fascinates and draws some of the brightest minds in physics. Today many believe that String Theory is our best candidate for a theory of everything. But the ultimate irony is that lurking at the heart of String Theory is the very thing that, because of his beliefs, Einstein had been unable to accept: quantum mechanics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Further reading:&lt;br /&gt;
Good, concise introduction:&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Einstein&#039;, Peter D Smith, (Life&amp;amp;Times series) Haus Publishing, ISBN 1-904341-15-2&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In depth and authoritative biography focusing on Einstein&#039;s science:&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Subtle is the lord&#039;, Abraham Pais, OUP, ISBN 0-19-285138-1&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Bohr-Einstein debate:&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;Einstein Defiant - genius vs genius in the quantum revolution&#039;, Edmund Blair Bolles, Joseph Henry Press, 0-309-08998-0&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Words of wisdom:&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;The Expanded Quotable Einstein, Alice Calaprice, PUP, ISBN 0-691-07021-0&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Also:&lt;br /&gt;
Einstein&#039;s Cosmos, Michio Kaku, Orion, ISBN 0-297-84755-4&lt;/p&gt;
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1022">BBC</category>
 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1020">爱因斯坦</category>
 <pubDate>Sun, 08 Jun 2008 13:15:33 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
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 <title>蜡烛实验</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1036</link>
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1023">蜡烛</category>
 <pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2008 14:40:29 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
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 <title>爱因斯坦生平</title>
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&lt;p&gt;来自 BBC&lt;/p&gt;
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 <category domain="http://gezhi.org/video/tag/1020">爱因斯坦</category>
 <pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2008 14:28:31 -0700</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Yan</dc:creator>
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 <title>1933 年，爱因斯坦来到美国</title>
 <link>http://gezhi.org/video/1034</link>
 <description>&lt;p&gt;1933 年，爱因斯坦 (1879-1955) 离开纳粹德国，来到美国。作为学者和犹太人，爱因斯坦在第三帝国处于极大的危险。&lt;/p&gt;
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 <pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2008 12:36:47 -0700</pubDate>
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